International Journal of Human Movement Science
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
Endorser-Brand Congruence, Endorser Authenticity, and Self-Brand Connection: Three-Way Interaction Effects of on Brand Attitude in SportMyungwoo Lee , Maeng Lee-seob , Jeon Chansoo , Don Lee 13(3) 1-15, 2019 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.1
TitleEndorser-Brand Congruence, Endorser Authenticity, and Self-Brand Connection: Three-Way Interaction Effects of on Brand Attitude in Sport
Myungwoo Lee , Maeng Lee-seob , Jeon Chansoo , Don Lee DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.1 AbstractResearchers have struggled to understand under what conditions the endorsement effect is maximized. The current study is the first attempt to apply the concept of ‘authenticity’ to the endorsement domain of sport. The purpose of this study is to apply a new concept -authenticity- to the evaluation of endorser effects and empirically investigate the three-way interaction effects of endorser-brand congruence, endorser authenticity, and self-brand connection on brand attitude in the sport domain. A total of 243 participants in the United States were recruited via online survey method. Current study reveals three key findings. First, the endorser-brand congruence effect on the attitude toward the brand is maximized when two variables (endorser authenticity and self-brand connection) interact with each other rather than when each predictor separately affects the brand attitude. Second, an athlete endorser’s authentic image can be transferred to attitude toward the brand when consumers have a self-brand connection. Third, the athlete endorser’s authentic image is not easily transferred to the brand attitude at the low level of self-brand connection. Key WordsBrand congruence, Endorser authenticity, Self-brand connection |
Consumer perceptions to luxury co-branding partnership in sport wearable marketHoyeol Yu , Don Lee , Michael Cottingham , Maeng Lee-seob 13(3) 17-29, 2019 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.2
TitleConsumer perceptions to luxury co-branding partnership in sport wearable market
Hoyeol Yu , Don Lee , Michael Cottingham , Maeng Lee-seob DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.2 AbstractThis study investigated the emergence of a (luxury) branding strategy of wearable devices within the sport industry. More specifically, this study examined how consumers perceive co-branded sports products by examining relationships among self-image congruence, perceived product quality, and perceived brand fit. Using a sample of 194 participants, results of a structural equation modeling indicated that consumers’ perceptions of self-image congruence and perceived brand fit were significant predictors of willingness to purchase of co-branded sport wearable devices. Additionally, no moderation effect of gender was identified in the analyses. Briefly, this study adds marketing insights to an emerging sport wearable device market that can be benefited from co-branding tactics. Key WordsCo-branding strategy, luxury brands, wearable sports products |
The Relationship between Physical Activity, Physical Self-Description, and Well-Being in College StudentsJoonyoung Lee , Lauren S. Tashman 13(3) 31-42, 2019 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.3
TitleThe Relationship between Physical Activity, Physical Self-Description, and Well-Being in College Students
Joonyoung Lee , Lauren S. Tashman DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.3 AbstractThe study aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity (PA), physical self-description (PSD), and well-being among college students in the United States. A total of 228 participants (Mage=21.19, SD=2.09; female =74.12%) completed the validated online survey. The Pearson product-moment correlation analysis indicated that there were statistically significant positive correlation between PA and PSD (p<.01), PA and well-being (p<.05), and PSD and well-being (p<.01). The 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA showed that there was not interaction effect between PA and PSD on well-being, F(1, 224)=2.068, p=.152, η=.007, and univariate analysis indicated significant main effect of PSD on well-being, F(1, 224)=37.01, p<.001, η2=.131. However, no significant main effect was found in PA and well-being F(1, 224)=.007, p=.934, η2=.001. The findings highlighted that college students with a stronger perception of their physical selves have significantly higher well-being. The present study is both consistent and contradictory to previous research. Key Wordsphysical activity, physical self-description, well-being, college students |
Elementary Pre-service Teachers’ Past Physical Education Experiences and Their Impacts on Beliefs about the Purposes of Elementary Physical EducationJun Hyung Baek , Min Hyun Kim , Jae Yong Lee 13(3) 43-59, 2019 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.4
TitleElementary Pre-service Teachers’ Past Physical Education Experiences and Their Impacts on Beliefs about the Purposes of Elementary Physical Education
Jun Hyung Baek , Min Hyun Kim , Jae Yong Lee DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.4 AbstractFor the last few decades, researchers in the field of education have paid attention to the critical role of teachers’ beliefs in teaching and learning (Pajares, 1992; Tsangaridou, 2008). Teachers’ beliefs are explicitly and implicitly embedded in their teaching. By identifying teachers’ beliefs, teacher educators understand why the teachers selected certain contents and instructional strategies in the complex teaching environment. Studies found that teachers’ beliefs are significantly influenced by their past experiences. Especially, teachers’ beliefs are developed through K-12 school experiences. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand pre-service elementary generalist teachers’ past physical education (PE) experiences and the impacts on the beliefs about the purposes of elementary PE. Six pre-service elementary generalist teachers who had attended the Midwestern University of Education in South Korea participated in semi-structured interviews. This study found that the participants believed elementary PE should teach children social skills, fundamental movement skills, and interest in physical activity and sports. Regarding past PE experiences, participants expressed mixed feelings about their past PE experiences. The mixed experiences made them perceive how elementary PE should be taught. Participants who experienced positive elementary PE believed that elementary PE teachers should teach social skills and fundamental movement skills because they recognized the importance of those skills in elementary PE. In contrast, participants who had negative experiences believed that elementary PE teachers should teach fundamental movement skills because they did not learn the basic skills during their K-6 years which discouraged them to participate in advanced sports. Key Wordsteacher beliefs, past PE experience, pre-service elementary generalist teachers, social skill learning, fundamental motor skills |
Effects of Attentional Focus on Reaction Time in SprintJun Hyung Baek 13(3) 61-70, 2019 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.5
TitleEffects of Attentional Focus on Reaction Time in Sprint
Jun Hyung Baek DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.5 AbstractReaction time (RT) is one of the most important factors when looking at successful performance in multiple sports. Sports, such as track and field, swimming, tennis, and football, require good RT because it determines the overall performance of the athlete. Of the number of factors influencing RT, researchers have paid attention to the focus of attention provided by the instructor in the form of instruction or feedback. Collective study regarding attentional focus have suggested that manipulating focus of attention can have a great impact on motor skill learning and performance. In this current study, the effectiveness of different types of attentional focus on RT of sprint performance was examined. Thirty college students participated in this study. They were divided into two groups instructing with two different attentional focus conditions. The results found that participants in the external focus of attention group improved their RT. Although the sample size of this study is small, this study showed the evidence that the use of external attentional focus would decrease RT even for college students. Key Wordsfocus of attention, reaction time, internal focus of attention, external focus of attention, automatic control process |
The comparison of VO2max, maximal HR, maximal RER and protocol duration between treadmill and elliptical cross-training from maximal testsYoon Byung-kon 13(3) 71-79, 2019 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.6
TitleThe comparison of VO2max, maximal HR, maximal RER and protocol duration between treadmill and elliptical cross-training from maximal tests
Yoon Byung-kon DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.6 AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare VO2max, maximal HR, maximal RER and protocol duration between the treadmill and elliptical cross-trainer. Twenty active individuals (10 men and 10 women, mean age, height, weight, and body composition = 20.3±2.7yr, 173.3±12.6 cm, 72.3±7.9 kg, and 17.3±5.0%) completed treadmill and Precor elliptical cross-trainer VO2max tests separated by 1-3 days. VO2max (47.9 vs 47.3 ml/kg/min), maximal HR (186 vs 184 b/min), maximal RER (1.22 vs 1.25), and protocol duration (11.56 vs 12.17 min) were not significantly different between treadmill running and elliptical cross-training tests. In conclusion the elliptical cross-trainer may have similar maximal physiological values as compared to treadmill running during VO2max testing. Key WordsMaximal oxygen consumption, Maximal heart rate, Respiratory exchange ratio, exercise mode, protocol duration |
Comparison of thermoregulation and physiological responses after swimming exercise according to age and swim cap material in womenJae Joon Shin , Si Young Hwang , Gyeong Heon You , Yun A Shin 13(3) 81-93, 2019 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.7
TitleComparison of thermoregulation and physiological responses after swimming exercise according to age and swim cap material in women
Jae Joon Shin , Si Young Hwang , Gyeong Heon You , Yun A Shin DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.7 AbstractThis study aimed to determine the factors that affect body temperature changes and physiological responses during continuous swimming according to swim cap material. Subjects included 24 women in their 20s and 40s without any relevant medical histories. The distance of the swim exercise was set at 1500m, and was completed at a pace of 40seconds per 50m using the freestyle stroke. Body temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, lactate, rated perceived exertion (RPE), and thermal sensation were measured 30 min before exercise, every 10 min during exercise, immediately after 30 min of exercise, and 30 min after recovery. Body temperature demonstrated a significant interaction effect according to swim cap material and age based on swim time (p<0.05). Skin temperature demonstrated a significant difference according to swim time (p<0.05). Heart rate was significantly different according to swim exercise (p<0.001). Lactic acid demonstrated a significant difference according to swim time (p<0.001) and interaction effect (p<0.01). RPE demonstrated a significant difference according to swim time (p<0.001), and swim time according to age (p<0.01) and interaction effects (p<0.05). Finally, thermal sensation demonstrated a significant difference over time (p<0.001). In conclusion, wearing swim caps made from a light mesh material was excellent for heat dissipation and breathability, and reduced fatigue and improved exercise performance through temperature control. Key Wordsthermoregulation, physiological responses, swimming exercises, age, swim cap material |
The Effects of Moderate level of Aerobic Exercise on dysmenorrhea among College WomanKim Jin-sun , Park Won-hwa 13(3) 95-103, 2019 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.8
TitleThe Effects of Moderate level of Aerobic Exercise on dysmenorrhea among College Woman
Kim Jin-sun , Park Won-hwa DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.8 AbstractThis study applied aerobic exercise on the first or second day of menstruation to seven women suffering from menstruation during menstruation. And check for menstruation pain before and after exercise and changes in prostaglandin and β-endorphins. Analysis of the mean and standard deviation before and after motion with a VO2max 50% intensity of the scale of menstruation showed 200 kcal consumed (M=1.78) less than before (M=5.14), and statistically p<.Meaningful difference (T=11.874) was found at the 001 level. Analyzing the pre- and post-motion mean and standard deviation of VO2max 50% strength, the propaglandin consumed 200 kcal less than before (M=836.99) and statistically p<.Meaningful difference (T=3.788) at level 01 was observed. The analysis of the mean and standard deviation of the β-endorphins before and after exercise at 50% VO2max showed an increase in consumption of 200 kcal (M=0.38) compared to before (M=0.32) but did not show a statistically significant difference (T=0.923). Prostaglandin, the subjective menstrual dyspnea and menstruation pain that proves it, has decreased, but the associated hormone endorphin has not changed, indicating that the motor effects of menstruation are partial. However, This was found to be consistent with several prior studies that showed no significant difference in the results of the single movement. Key Wordsaerobic exercise, prostaglandin, β-endorphins |
Relationship among physical activity levels, disability acceptance, and life satisfaction of people with physical disabilitiesUk Kim , Min-soo Yoon 13(3) 105-114, 2019 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.9
TitleRelationship among physical activity levels, disability acceptance, and life satisfaction of people with physical disabilities
Uk Kim , Min-soo Yoon DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.9 AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among physical activity level, disability acceptance and life satisfaction of people with physical disabilities. Data were collected and analyzed for 168 persons with physical disabilities who participated in the sports club in Seoul. Existing prior questionnaires for each variable were modified and supplemented. For data processing, SPSS 22.0 and Amos 22.0 programs was used to verify the hypothesis, and the significance level was set at α=.05. The following conclusions were obtained. First, the level of physical activity of the physically disabled with participation in sports club had a significant effect on disability acceptance. Second, the level of physical activity of the physically disabled with participation in sports club had no significant effect on life satisfaction. Third, disability acceptance by the physically disabled with participation in sports club had a significant effect on life satisfaction. Key Wordsphysical activity level, disability acceptance, life satisfaction, people with physical disabilities |
Using Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling for Longitudinal Analysis in Kinesiology: A Tutorial ReviewSeungmin Lee , Nicholas D. Myers , Merve N. Kursav 13(3) 115-131, 2019 DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.10
TitleUsing Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling for Longitudinal Analysis in Kinesiology: A Tutorial Review
Seungmin Lee , Nicholas D. Myers , Merve N. Kursav DOI:10.23949/ijhms.2019.12.13.3.10 AbstractMultilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) is a model that combines strengths of multilevel modeling (e.g., hierarchical structures) and structural equation modeling (e.g., measurement error), which may allow researchers to answer novel research questions in Kinesiology. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a review and a demonstration of MSEM for longitudinal data analysis. To achieve this purpose, we provide (a) some conceptual information about traditional longitudinal analyses that are relevant to MSEM, (b) an overview of MSEM, and (c) the demonstration of MSEM using simulated data and Mplus software. Within the demonstration, we introduce two possible measurement models within MSEM: Intercept and Slope Model and Level and Shape Model, which may provide two options to researchers for modeling longitudinal data based on their theory. We conclude with a summary of MSEM and some suggestions for future applications of MSEM in Kinesiology. Key Wordsstructural equation modeling, multilevel modeling, hierarchical structures, measurement error |